BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Ulcerative proctitis (UP) is a limited form of ulcerative colitis. While achieving endoscopic healing (EH) in ulcerative colitis improves long-term outcomes, the benefit of EH in UP is uncertain. This study aimed to assess the impact of EH on outcomes in UP.

METHODS: This single-center retrospective study included adults with UP and ≥2 endoscopies, with active inflammation (Mayo endoscopic score [MES] 1-3) at index. EH was defined as MES 0-1 at follow-up procedure. The relationship of EH to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related outcomes was assessed using univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression assessed the effect of EH on IBD-related outcomes.

RESULTS: Among 200 UP patients, 109 (54.5%) had EH at follow-up endoscopy at median 19 months (interquartile range: 7, 32). EH was associated with fewer IBD-related emergency department (ED) visits (EH: 8.3%, no EH: 21%, P = .01), hospitalizations (5.5% vs 18%), and GI visits (mean: 1.47/year [SD: 1.40], vs 2.96/year [2.52], P < .001). Patients with EH were less likely to have iron deficiency anemia (23% vs 41%, P = .007), Clostridioides difficile (0.9% vs 6.6%, P = .048), or initiate new biologic therapy after relapse (15% vs 33%, P = .034). Patients with EH had a greater time to clinical relapse (21 [24] vs 9 months [14]; P = .006) and lower odds of an IBD-related ED visit (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.73) or hospitalization (0.26 [0.09, 0.67]). Baseline presence of a cecal patch did not impact outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: UP patients with EH had less IBD-related healthcare utilization, fewer IBD-related complications, and were less likely to escalate therapy after relapse than patients without EH. Using a treatment target of EH may therefore be desirable in UP.