Title | Different routes of MHC-I delivery to phagosomes and their consequences to CD8 T cell immunity. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Authors | J Blander, M |
Journal | Semin Immunol |
Volume | 66 |
Pagination | 101713 |
Date Published | 2023 Mar |
ISSN | 1096-3618 |
Keywords | Antigen Presentation, Antigens, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Dendritic Cells, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I, HLA Antigens, Humans, Phagosomes, Toll-Like Receptors |
Abstract | Dendritic cells (DCs) present internalized antigens to CD8 T cells through cross-presentation by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. While conventional cDC1 excel at cross-presentation, cDC2 can be licensed to cross-present during infection by signals from inflammatory receptors, most prominently Toll-like receptors (TLRs). At the core of the regulation of cross-presentation by TLRs is the control of subcellular MHC-I traffic. Within DCs, MHC-I are enriched within endosomal recycling compartments (ERC) and traffic to microbe-carrying phagosomes under the control of phagosome-compartmentalized TLR signals to favor CD8 T cell cross-priming to microbial antigens. Viral blockade of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), known to inhibit the classic MHC-I presentation of cytoplasmic protein-derived peptides, depletes the ERC stores of MHC-I to simultaneously also block TLR-regulated cross-presentation. DCs counter this impairment in the two major pathways of MHC-I presentation to CD8 T cells by mobilizing noncanonical cross-presentation, which delivers MHC-I to phagosomes from a new location in the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) where MHC-I abnormally accumulate upon TAP blockade. Noncanonical cross-presentation thus rescues MHC-I presentation and cross-primes TAP-independent CD8 T cells best-matched against target cells infected with immune evasive viruses. Because noncanonical cross-presentation relies on a phagosome delivery route of MHC-I that is not under TLR control, it risks potential cross-presentation of self-antigens during infection. Here I review these findings to illustrate how the subcellular route of MHC-I to phagosomes critically impacts the regulation of cross-presentation and the nature of the CD8 T cell response to infection and cancer. I highlight important and novel implications to CD8 T cell vaccines and immunotherapy. |
DOI | 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101713 |
Alternate Journal | Semin Immunol |
PubMed ID | 36706521 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC10023361 |
Grant List | R01 AI073899 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States R01 AI123284 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States R01 AI170897 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States |